The Theories Of Organisational Management - 1164 Words

Organisational management is the art in which those with authority organise and control re Organisational management is the art in which those with authority organise and control resources in a particular so that they can achieve a predefined goal. Organisational management should give a sense of direction to their workers, so that everyone is aware of their roles and responsibilities. There are number of theorist who have taken up a central position regarding the discussion of organisational management, each hold a unique view on the topic. This inevitable led to the creation of multiple relevant theories that propose a unique way of constructing and organising an organisations. The early thinkers can be described as classical theorist. They can be credited for inspiring neo-classical and modern movement regarding topic. The early thinkers can be described as innovative thinkers, however they can also be described as rigid thinkers who clung tightly to preconceptions and generalisation. Therefore, classical theorist can be seen as being relevant when trying to understanding some concepts regarding organisational behaviour. Which enables us to comprehend and manipulate a large array of management levers, levers which can be used to direct an organisation. The industrial revolution facilitated innovation, within such a time the way products were created and sold drastically changed. Inventions improved and altered the means of production, this increased productivityShow MoreRelatedExamining Different Approaches to Management and Theories of Organisation and Evaluating How Organisational Structure and Culture Contribute to Business Success2317 Words   |  10 Pagesapproaches to management and theories of organisation. • Evaluate how organisational structure and culture contribute to business success. To do this I need to answer the following questions in the form of a business report: • Identify the organisations approach to management, supported with examples. • Identify the type of structure and provide an overall organisational chart • Identify the organisations management style and give examples • Highlight any variances between theory and practiceRead MoreEvery Good Story Requires Its Villains, Heroes and Heroines. the Study of Management Is No Different and a Perusal of Organisational Textbooks, More Often Than Not, Depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory as3220 Words   |  13 Pages Module Name and number: Managing Organisational Behaviour. (BAM2002) Tutor: Tony CARDEN Assignment Number: 1 of 2 (50%) Assignment Length: 2500 words Submission Deadline: Monday 19th March 2012 (Week 7) Assignment Title: Every good story requires its villains, heroes and heroines. The study of management is no different and a perusal of Organisational Textbooks, more often than not, depicts F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management theory as the villain of the story and theRead MorePeople in Organisations955 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper is to define the concept of Organisational Behaviour and identify the most important areas of the topic which considerably impact on organisational efficiency and effectiveness. Nowadays, due to the rapidly changing business environment, perceiving organisational behaviour is recognised as one of the most significant aspects of all business operations (Robbins and Judge, 2010). According to Financial Times Mastering Management (1997) â€Å"Organisational behaviour is one of the most complex andRead MoreClassical And Contingency Theories For Organizational Design1275 Words   |  6 PagesCritically Evaluate the Contributions and Limitations of Classical and Con tingency Theories to Our Understanding of Contemporary Practices in the Area of Organizational Design  Table of Contents Introduction 3 Overview of Classical and Contingency Theories 3 Contributions of Classical and Contingency Theories 4 Limitations of Classical and Contingency Theories 5 Conclusion 6 References 7  Introduction Organisation is composed of individuals and groups who work together towards the accomplishmentRead Morebusiness Assignment1024 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Higher National Diploma in Business Management (Part-time) BEHAVIOUR AT WORK Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Outcome 1: Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture Outcome 2: Understand different approaches to management and leadership Outcome 3: Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations Outcome 4: Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations SCENARIO AccordingRead MoreTheories of Management in Practice1274 Words   |  5 Pages Theories of Management in Practice The most successful organizations make the best use of their employees talents and energies (Heil, Bennis, Stephens, 2000; Huselid, 1995). Firms that effectively manage employees hold an advantage over their competitors. Pfeiffer (1998) estimates that organizations can reap a 40% gain by managing people in ways that build commitment, involvement, learning, and organizational competence. Because employees are key to an organizations success, how well theRead MoreThe Experience Of Organisational Change Management1707 Words   |  7 Pagescritically discuss a few examples of organisational change which I have personally experienced while completing a summer internship in an international logistics and transport company called UAB Transimeksa. The main purpose of this essay is to analyse the experience of organisational change management in relation to applying multiple perspective theories and models which will help critically evaluate and present reasoned arguments of effective chang e management. In doing so, this paper will be dividedRead MoreA Review On Organisational Theories1677 Words   |  7 PagesBUS 5113 - Assignment Unit 1 - A review of organisational theories A review of organisational theories Craig Morley University of the People A review of organisational theories 1 In Chapter 2 of the Organizational Theory text we reviewed four theoretical contributions which are central to the understanding of today s Organizations. Offer a brief analysis of all four theoretical concepts and then pick the one you the feel is the most influential from both historical and managerial perspectives. ExplainRead MoreContingency Theories in Management1657 Words   |  7 Pageswhere the four popular management contingency variables of organisational size, routineness of task technology, environmental uncertainty and individual differences are reflected in the work of the manager that was interviewed. Using classical theories of Fayol, Mintzberg and Katz along practical examples from the managers’ day-to-day routine, this essay sets out to explain how these theories and functions impact upon how the manager applies the situational approach to management using the contemporaryRead MoreOrganisational Behavioural Theories Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Organisational Behavioural Theories Organisational theory is the idea and principle about how the work could be done by investigating through different perceptive. Throughout the last century, scholars, psychologists and behaviour scientists have contributed in developing of new theories for the organisations to achieve more by allocating their workers to make more productive and most of those theories did well in old times. But at the turn of the next century, thing have

The Cons Of Standardized Testing - 1555 Words

The Standardized Testing System, instituted in the public school system, has been used as a guideline in assessing a student’s comprehension of the subjects taught in the classroom and for measuring a teacher’s aptitude of relating the subject material to the students (Fletcher). Florida has instituted a new Bill SB-736 that will now no longer grant teacher’s tenure, and will use the scores from the FCAT to decide whether a teacher will keep their job. While originally created to help the school system, standardized testing has been shown to have many problems, and even to cause harm to students, teachers, and schools. The standardized testing system must be severely revamped, as well as the way the scores affect the schools the students†¦show more content†¦I have equally high expectations for all of the students in my charge. If a teaching strategy fails to work for a student in my room, I will find an alternative method. After all, I want each student to succeed, no matter what kind of effort I must put forth† (Brennan). This quote epitomizes to me that the teacher will play a heavy part in a student’s success, and this does not always translate over into the test scores. Another situation to factor in is a student who has come from a bad teaching environment and has little education. There is a teaching method called TPR that teaches the students using a system that does not test, but does. This method will have students physically do exercises that involve math problems, Spanish words, etc as a method of learning. This teaching is very effective for those who have learning difficulties, yet how can students who learn in this manner be expected to take the same test as those without these learning disabilities (Nelson). A teacher may help this student in many ways, however the student may have lower scores due to the deficiency of knowledge they possess. The teacher will then be punished for having this student score poorly when in fact they have done nothing but help this student. SB 736 does offer a reward for teachers who are teaching at at-risk schools,Show MoreRelatedThe Cons of Standardized Testing1005 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout high school and college we will go through a vast amount of testing but why? Testing is used to show a person’s amount of knowledge on a particular subject. Usually it’s for one specific subject and not a majority of them, standardized tests administered in schools today include all testable subjects as in English, Math, Science, Writing, and Reading. However, before we can all take the next step and begin our college careers, we have to take one of two tests, the ACT or the SATRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing801 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial topic Since Middle School, I was not opposed to standardized testing. I thought of it as a way of testing us of what we have learned. Although, after reading some articles about standardized testing I am re-thinking the pros and cons. From personal experience, I thought of it as a challenge to pass them. But now that reminisce about it, I noticed some of the cons of standardized testing. I remember having a week or two dedicated for testing, and in case of students failing they had to take timeRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1400 Words   |  6 PagesEven though there are many downsides to standardized testing there are still viable reasons why they are still being used today. One of the main reasons includes the easy and quick access of testing students. Standardized testing allows schools to quickly access a large amount of students at one time. This is also one of the cheapest ways to tests such a large crowd due to machinery that grades which results in low tests costs f or students. These tests also help by setting a national curriculum forRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1025 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are standardized tests? Standardized tests are exams that are administered, scored, and interpreted in the same way for all students. Now there are many pros and cons of standardized testing however, I believe that public and private schools should just abolish standardized testing all together. These tests determine a student’s academic performance and each student is given the same test with the same questions and answers. These tests are designed to measure the students learning capabilitiesRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing1050 Words   |  5 Pageseducational world is standardized tests. All fifty states have their own standards following the common core curriculum. There are many positives and negatives that go with the standardized tests. A standardized test is any type of â€Å"examination thats administ ered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner† (Popham, 1999). These standardized tests are either aptitude tests or achievement tests. Schools use achievement tests to compare students. There are pros to standardized examinations as toolsRead MorePros and Cons of Standardized Testing583 Words   |  2 PagesStandardized testing has its pros and cons I do not believe in it but I will give you proof for and against the testing. We will cover some the history and where the testing came from and why we do it. I will talk a little bit of how I feel about testing and how much we should focus on how the students do on the test. I have interviewed a few teachers that I had when I went to school and some personal friends that are teachers now and how it effects how they teach. Most historians trace the beginningRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesStandardized testing is a down fall to many students but also an opportunity for many others. Standardized testing has its pros and its cons. It can be the make it or break it factor into getting into colleges you are hoping to attend or the scholarships you want to earn. Some people may have their opinions about the test, whether they hate it or not but the fact is that it’s here to stay. What exactly is standardized testing you may ask, it is a test which measures the knowledge among differentRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1295 Words   |  6 Pages many colleges have begun to make standardized testing optional. Skeptics of standardized tests claim that higher test scores are not always an accurate indicator of intelligence but rather are more closely associated with socio-economic status (Milligan 2015). In 2013, Ithaca College made the decision to go completely test optional. Thomas Rochen, the President of Ithaca, explained that many students refrain from applying to schools that require testing if they are poor test takers or didRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1302 Words   |  6 Pages Standardized Testing is a regulation of rigorous dialogue and debate. Both sides of this subject impose arguments based upon moral and financial justifications, and span from the local to national level of legislation. The policy of standardized testing as a means to identify schools who are lacking in successful educational processes neither harm school districts through unequal distribution of power, nor negatively affect students’ learning; rather, it benefits students, faculty, and districtsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing794 Words   |  4 Pageswhy school testing should happen more frequently and why parents and teachers should be less fearful of standardized tests. For educators and parents, testing means standardized testing: a tool wielded by politicians and administrators to terrify children and teachers. W hen cognitive psychologists hear the word testing, they think immediately of the testing effect — one of the best learning strategies. In this quote, the authors make a separation between testing and standardized testing. They bring

Due To the Lack of Proper Cyber Security the Hijackers Misused

Question: Due To the Lack of Proper Cyber Security, the Hijackers How Misused? Answer: Introducation: The case study reflects the public relation method undertaken by Qantas Airlines. In analysing the case study, it is noted that the initiative undertaken to communicate with the customers through Twitter contest explored the view of the customers. The management team needs to understand the basic needs and demands of the customers at the initial stage (Nitins Burgess, 2014). It will be helpful enough in structuring the future needs of the company. The mismanagement of the proper communication method, the company failed to maintain the public relations through the social networking sites. We shall identify the major issues related to the communication plan through the social networking sites (Stieglitz, Bruns Krger, 2015). The customers pointed out some of the faults due to some series of problems. However, this communication process became a disaster due to three major and significant issues. Due to the lack of proper cyber security, the hijackers misused the hash tag. Qantas did not monitor the reviews and statements. The lack of proper action plan failed to manage the initiative of communicating through social media marketing. The irrelevant comments provided by the company by stating, wow! Some very creative tweets out there, keep the entries come. The public animosity started increasing that affected the brand of Qantas in a prominent way. In order to get rid of the problems for the future, the company requires concentrating on several necessary factors. These factors will be beneficial for Qantas Airlines to maintain a long-term sustainability and a strengthened customer base. The major issue is lack of proper security. It was essential for the company to use some of the cybermarketing security and biometric system to receive alert report if anyone is misusing the hash tags as well as any post in the social media sites (Wan et al., 2015). On the other hand, the major changes required for the company is creating the effective communication plan. It is essential for the company to structure a sequential communication plan. It is even necessary to include the basic criteria and relevant aspects. For example, the company needs to keep the focus on the timeline, target audience, sender, key message, and the outcomes. In fact, it is essential to identify the medium wisely. The communication channel is needed to be effective and secure. The management team needs to understand the basic needs and demands of the customers at the initial stage (Roshan, Warren Carr, 2013). It will be helpful enough in structuring the future needs of the company. The company can take the help from the people handling the information security to secure the websites and the communication channels. Therefore, any hijackers will not get the easy access to the websites. On the other hand, in order to get the review of the public perception, the company can open an official page on Facebook. Currently, the Facebook page is much effective to generate the idea about the peoples perceptions. Both the positive and the negative comments of the audience will be reviewed and monitored. In fact, it is even necessary to reply them back to keep them satisfied with the services. The people will even generate the feeling of reliability with such process. Even communicating through the Twitter is needed to be selected with proper action plan. The formulation of the proper source of communication system will be beneficial for the company to overcome these challenges. The following communication plan template will be helpful 1.Timing The plan will be conducted for one month. Mostly in Saturday and Sunday when the people will receive free time to access social networking sites. 2.Audience The target customers of Qantas Airlines who are using twitter account will be the audience. 3.Sender The executive team of Qantas airlines will send this. 4.Key Message 1. Most preferable services 2. Areas of improvements 3. Changes for the future 4. Any more suggestion for the future These points will be included 5.Desired Outcome It can be expected that the audience will receive the response as per their perspectives. If they are not satisfied with the services can present their requirements. It will be helpful to understand the future improvements that can attract more customers towards the services. 6.Medium The social media networking sites like Twitter and Facebook will be used. 7.Materials If any of the audience speaks about the services that have already amended, it can be left behind. 8.Frequency We should send the messages during their free times. For example, during weekends or after the working hours. Table 1: Communication Plan Template (Source: Created by the Author) We understand the requirement of strengthening the customer base for the future sustainability. However, in order to achieve such purposes, we require a proper planning to understand the basic needs and demands of the customers. Establishment of the proper communication channel is essential to maintain an efficient public relation. The major changes required for the company is creating the effective communication plan. It is essential for the company to structure a sequential communication plan. It is even necessary to include the basic criteria and relevant aspects. It has been observed that the company previously tried establishing a communication process with the target audience. However, the lack of proper communication plan, this initiative leads to the disastrous situations. Hence, it is essential for the company to establish a proper communication plan. It is notable that the use of social media is much significant in current time. However, it is essential to use the social networking sites much cautiously. In fact, replying the audience is necessary. The management team needs to understand the basic needs and demands of the customers at the initial stage. It will be helpful enough in structuring the future needs of the company. Moreover, if the company can ensure the necessary improvements for the business, it will satisfy the customers in an effective way. Structuring the sequential communication plan will be helpful in order rot achieve this purpose References Bowdon, M. A. (2014). Tweeting an ethos: Emergency messaging, social media, and teaching technical communication.Technical Communication Quarterly,23(1), 35-54. Coombs, W. T. (2014). State of crisis communication: Evidence and the bleeding edge.Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations,1(1), 1-12. De Fu, S. C., Tse, P. P., Mathivanan, G., Chaidaroon, S. S. (2014). Caught in The Air: Suspension of Tiger Airways Domestic Flights in Australia Implications for Stakeholder Management.NIDA Case Research Journal,6(2), 129-140. Lando, A. L. (2014). The Critical Role of Crisis Communication Plan in Corporations' Crises Preparedness and Management.Global Media Journal,7(1), 5. Nazari, A. (2016). Developing a Social Media Communication Plan. InStrategic Integration of Social Media into Project Management Practice(pp. 194-217). IGI Global. Nitins, T., Burgess, J. (2014). Twitter, brands, and user engagement. InTwitter and society(Vol. 89, pp. 293-304). Peter Lang. Pike, S., Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature.Tourism Management,41, 202-227. Roshan, M., Warren, M., Carr, R. (2013, January). Understanding the role of social media in incident crisis communication. InProceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS 2013(pp. 1-9). RMIT. Stieglitz, S., Bruns, A., Krger, N. (2015). Enterprise-related crisis communication on Twitter.Proceedings der 12. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2015), 917-932. Wan, S., Koh, R., Ong, A., Pang, A. (2015). Parody social media accounts: Influence and impact on organizations during crisis.Public Relations Review,41(3), 381-385. Wang, S. W., Kao, G. H. Y., Ngamsiriudom, W. (2017). Consumers' attitude of endorser credibility, brand and intention with respect to celebrity endorsement of the airline sector.Journal of Air Transport Management,60, 10-17. Zhang, C. B., Lin, Y. H. (2015). Exploring interactive communication using social media.The Service Industries Journal,35(11-12), 670-693.

Leaders vs Managers free essay sample

Leaders Vs Managers Steven Powell MGT 380 Ms. Alysia Young July 12, 2010 There is the age old question of what is the difference between a manager and a leader? Most people will say that you cant be a manager without being a leader. In this paper, I will discuss in detail, what is it that leaders and managers do, can leaders and managers be one in the same, as well as, explain the difference between managers and leaders. Most successful businesses usually consisted of a team of successful managers. Note that in order to be a manager it does not require a erson to be a leader. Managers often ask your how and who questions in an organization. Managers are about appealing to the head through planning, organization, controlling, and directing. Managers generally have a formal title in an organization and they thus have formal organizational power. (Tanner, 2009) There are some people out there with the title of manager who do not have anyone who work for him or her. We will write a custom essay sample on Leaders vs Managers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They simple manage things like accounts, property, or supplies. They are totally successful at doing their Job without showing any signs of leadership. Also, a manager can obtained his position of authority through time and loyalty given to the company, not as a result of his leadership qualities. According to the text, there are several different examples of managers. For instance, managers are concern with how to get things done and try to get people to perform better. Another example, managers value stability, order, and efficiency, and they are impersonal, risk adverse and focus on short term result. (Yukl, 2010, p. 6) These are Just a couple of examples of what it is a manager should be doing. Leaders are also important in the success ofa business. According to the text, leaders value flexibility, innovation, and adaptation; they care about the people as well as the economic outcomes, and they have longer-term perspective with regards to objectives and strategies. (Yukl, 2010, p. 7) Leaders often ask your what and why questions in an organization. One does not have to have a formal title in the organization to be a leader. (Tanner, 2009) A leader is also a person who guides others toward a common goal, showing the way by example, and creating an environment in which other team members feel actively involved in the entire process. A leader is not the boss of the team but, instead, the person that is committed to carrying out the mission of the business. A strong leader will possess several qualities such as being a good listener, focused, organized, available, includes others, decisive and confident. (What is, 2009) These qualities make an effectively leader as well as a manager. In order to be a leader or managers, a person needs not be one in the same. Because simple put, some people are managers and other people are leaders. A manager has a different agenda than a leader, for example, managers do things right, while leaders do the ight thing. This means that managers do things by the book and follow company to the company. (The Difference, 1997). A leader is more emotional than a manager is. Another major distinction, is as a manager, in order to get a subordinate to do a job, the manager doesnt have to be a leader because he or she is given that power by virtue of position, in other words, all the manager has to do is tell a subordinate to do something because he or she is the manager, they must be obeyed. Whereas with leaders, people naturally follow them by their own choice. A leader may have no rganizational skills, but their vision unites people behind them. Although, a leader and manager do not need to be one and the same, I do think that in order to be an effective manager one need to have some leadership skills. Some people believe that Just because a person is a manager that it makes them a leader I think that this truly depends upon the situation or the position that they hold. Although managing and leading are in the same family, they are totally different. Managers get results and they are efficient. Then again, efficiency does not mean one is always effective. When a business is uneven with too many managers and too few leaders, it is proficient at doing the work right. However, it does not do the right things because a lacks of leadership. As a result, reality sets in as the company puts more focus on process than vision. I have known managers who were terrible leaders! They could plan, execute, and direct others, but no one was motivated to do their best for them or for the company. These managers did not have a clear direction of what they wanted to accomplish and staff in their companies display a going through the motions quality to their work. So you can see, Just because a person is a manager doesnt mean that he or she is a leader. There several different between being a leader and being a manager. The major differences between leaders and managers are leaders have willing followers and managers get result through their subordinates; leaders use influence and managers must have authority; leaders earn the right to lead from followers and with managers, the right to manage is granted by ownership; leaders ask and managers tell; leaders have personal power and managers have position power; leaders intend to make changes whereas managers roduce goods and services Managing is about efficiency. Leading is about effectiveness. Managing is about how. Leading is about what and why. Management is about systems, controls, procedures, policies, and structure. Leadership is about trust and about people. The final difference is that it is possible to be a leader without being in a position of authority. But, overall in order to have a successfully organization, there must be a balance between managers and leaders, or a manager must have some leadership skills. In this paper, I have discussed what it is that leader and managers do.

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you make a weird error in filling out your multiple choice answer sheet that led to a dramatically reduced score? Was your essay scanned incorrectly? Hand Score Verification is a way for you to address and correct these mistakes without having to retake the test. In this guide, I'll describe what SAT Hand Score Verification is, how it can help you, and how it might hurt. What Is Hand Score Verification? Normally, the College Board grades its hundreds of thousands of test answer sheets through automated scanning machines. This is why the SAT instructs you to fill in answers using only No. 2 pencils. If you order Hand Score Verification, the College Board reviews your multiple choice answer sheet or essay again manually (by a human)for a fee. It's $55 for either multiple choice or the essay ($110 for both). If you used a fee waiver for the SAT, the fee is reduced to $27.50 each. If you marked the answer sheet correctly but there was a problem in the scanning or scoring process, your score may change, and the fee you paid for score verification will be refunded. If you made an obvious error in filling in the information on the answer sheet (putting your answers in the wrong section of the answer sheet, improperly recording the test identifying code), your score may change, but you won’t get a fee refund. For the essay, the College Board will determine whether there was an error made in the scanning of the essay or the processing of scores assigned by essay readers. In this situation, your adjusted score will be automatically reported and your fee will be refunded. This is not a way to appeal your essay score if your essay was already reviewed and scanned in correctly.Your essay doesn't get reread and re-scored in the process of Hand Score Verification unless it didn't scan properly.If your essay was written in pen (which messes with the scanning process), your score may change, but you won't get a fee refund. Note that your whole answer sheet will be reviewed, even if you only think there was a mistake on one section. I'll explain why this is important next. When Should You Use Hand Score Verification? Because SAT Hand Score Verification costs quite a bit of money, and your score could potentially change for the worse, there are only a few specific situations where it's a good idea. Scenario #1: Your Overall Score Was Very Different from What You Expected If you ended up with consistently high scores on practice tests but you scored fairly low, you could have reason to question your results. You might have bubbled in an entire section incorrectly, or there might have been a mistake with the scanning. Score verification would fix both of these and raise your score. Scenario #2: You Missed Many Questions That You Would Normally Ace Look at your detailed score report to see which types of questions you missed on the test. The College Board splits questions up into easy, medium, and hard categories on the score report and tells you how many of each you got wrong within each section. If you find you missed a lot of easy questions in your strongest subject areas, there might have been a mistake in the scoring process. Scenario #3: Your Essay Is Blank or Unreadable in the Online Score Report This could indicate a scanning error (especially if you remember writing your essay in pen). In this case your essay will be rescored. Scenario #4: You Can't Find Answers with Other Means of Score Verification The College Board also offers Score Verification services in the form of the Student Answer Service and the Question-and-Answer Service. The Student Answer Service just provides you with the types of questions on your test; their levels of difficulty; and whether you answered correctly, incorrectly, or not at all. The Question-and-Answer Service provides you with a booklet copy of the questions on the test and your answers, the correct answers (including how the questions were scored), and information about the types and difficulty levels of all questions on the test. If your scores still don't make sense to you after wading through all this information, Hand Score Verification may be the way to go. That's deep, bro. When Should You NOT Use Hand Score Verification? In these situations, you should consider against SAT Score Verification, because it's unlikely toimprove your score. Scenario #1: Your Score Is Only Marginally Lower Than Expected Some students will freak out because they got a 700 instead of an 800 on one section of the SAT, thinking there must have been some sort of terrible mistake. I'd say that if your score is 0-100 points lower in a section that you expected it to be (or up to 300 points lower overall), you shouldn't order Hand Score Verification unless you look at your score report and the questions you got wrong make no sense to you at all. Hand Score Verification could actually hurt you in this situation because your scores might go down, and you would lose the $55 fee. Scenario #2: You Aren't Happy with Your Essay Score, but Your Essay Shows up Clearly in the Online Score Report Score Verification doesn’t involve the review or rescoring of essays that were scanned in properly. Even ifyou're convinced your essay was destined to be a defining literary classic for your generation and couldn't possibly have gotten the score it did, don't order Hand Score Verification in this situation. Scenario #3: You Didn’t Fill in Your Answer Sheet Properly Examples of this include circling bubbles instead of filling them in or making tiny unicorn drawings in the bubbles to indicate your answers. If this is the case your score won't be changed, but you might just get a magical imaginary 800 for creativity (not accepted by colleges). How Do You Order Score Verification? After reviewing the pros and cons of hand score verification, you might decide it's the right choicefor you. Here's a link to the form you need to fill out to order Hand Score Verification.You can request Hand Score Verification for up to five months after your original test date. As I mentioned in the first section, there is a fee of $55 for Hand Score Verification for either multiple choice or the essay. However, that fee can be reduced by half if you used a fee waiver to pay for SAT registration.If you have information that you think could affect the results of the verification process, you should report it to Customer Service (contact info listed on the form) at the same time that you submit the form. The exact check you will receive in the event of a fee refund for Hand Score Verification. A Final Word About Hand Score Verification If you aren’t 100% sure that you want to order Hand Score Verification, don’t do it until you have exhausted all other score verification measures. These include Student Question-and-Answer Services or Student Answer Services depending on when you took the SAT. If you order Hand Score Verification, you won't have access to the Student Answer Service or Question-and-Answer Service for your hand scored answer sheet. You also won't see the full online score report for this new round of scoring. This time you'll only receive your score report in the mail, just like teenage cavemen did when they took their first SATs. Hand Score Verification is the most rigorous score verification process the College Board offers, so there are no score appeals beyond it.Once Hand Score Verification results are reported, they are final for that version of the test. Don't worry though, you can still take the SAT again if you are unhappy with your results. You should get a letter back within five weeks with your new scores and, depending on whether there was an irregularity in the scanning and scoring process, cold hard cash in the form of a fee refund. Well, it'll probably be a check, but you get the idea. What's Next? If you're reading this article, chances are you're not too happy with your score. We're here to help. Read our in depth guides on earning a perfect score on the SAT, along with strategy guides for reading, math, and writing. Maybe you don't need to aim as high as you think. To come up with the ideal target score for you, and you alone, this article will help you figure out what you should be aiming for based on your top choice schools. If you're unhappy with your score, you can still take the test again! Check out our article onhow many times you should take the SAT. You can also take a look at test dates for2016-2017. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Attributes of Criminal Justice

Attributes of Criminal Justice Ku Klux Klan PAGE 1Attributes of Criminal OrganizationsIntroductionThe Ku Klux Klan is and always has been a whites-only organization that is philosophically dedicated to the separation of groups based upon their racial origin. The organization was however, not enough to be simply white to me; a member of the Ku Klux Klan, the organization unilaterally rejects any members of communist or socialist organizations. White people of Jewish origin are steadfastly rejected based upon the belief that Jews are responsible for the death of Jesus Christ and Roman Catholics were also excluded from membership prior to 1952.HistoryThe name Ku Klux Klan evolved from the Greek word kuklos, which means circle. The circle is one of the oldest symbols of history in the history of humankind. The Ku Klux Klan also purports the circle as a sign of special creativity. The Ku Klux Klan calls itself "the oldest American civil rights organization."English: William Joseph Simmons, founder of the se...The grou p was founded in 1866, only one year after the end of the Civil War, by former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Ku Klux Klan began as nothing more than small groups of southern post civil war malcontents, who were on a mission to cause as much mischief as possible since losing the civil war. Initially not many took them seriously and the group was basically ignored. The first era of the Ku Klux Klan was short lived, only lasting until 1871 when then President Grant effectively eliminated the organization.One of the most feared groups, the Ku Klux Klan, has seen and survived generations and generations of negativity. The Klan's history, structure, operation, activities, and participants will be presented throughout the paper as well as what can be done by law enforcement in order to control the Klan.

How to Succeed in the Business World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How to Succeed in the Business World - Essay Example ays and means that are usually taken care of whilst managing a business are aplenty and it is only up to the top management within a company that the same can be handled in a several different methods. They are the ones to decide as to what is the real manner in which the firm’s operations would be handled as well as who will head the respective departments, lead the business strategic units and act as legal and media representatives of the said business. The business, as marketers say, exists to satisfy its target audience through fulfilling a need courtesy its products and/or services or a combination of the both, the same being true in case of a retail outlet which sells gasoline to local consumers, thus giving in petrol plus extra services in the form of window cleaning, fuel gauge checks and so on and so forth. (Kennedy, 2003) With the advent of the middle management growing in stature, the need has been to categorize it separately. Now the middle management of yesteryears is known as the ‘knowledge organization’ which plays the role of the ‘brain’ within the organization. (Kaye, 2003) The mind or brain is the unit within the human body that rationalizes each and every decision in the wake of past evidences and future predictions, not to forget what is happening in the present. Thus the same role is duly played by the knowledge organization, i.e., the middle management quite professionally. A business thus has to keep track of the top management and its decisions as well as the middle power cadre too. It is with the combined efforts of the two that the business can exist smoothly and thus benefit not only its own future long term growth but also help the customer and/or stakeholders by fulfilling their needs and desires. A business does not come into its own overnight. It takes a lot of research, planning and proper execution to take it where the marketers, the business professionals and the stakeholders want it to proceed and end up as something

Discuss the role of nationalism in the Vancouver Olympics, drawing Essay

Discuss the role of nationalism in the Vancouver Olympics, drawing from class readings and lectures, and relate your discussion - Essay Example During Vancouver Olympic Games, the rights of indigenous Canadians have been violated and this was a controversial matter that split Canadians into two national camps. In his article â€Å"Native Rights Concerns Cloud 2010 Games†, Jon Elmer expresses a violent attitude to Canadian government. Thus, the latter was believed to violate the national sovereignty. Nevertheless, the initial goal of Olympic Games was seen in propagation of a common goodness for the Canadian nation. A fostering of policies directed on a successful and favorable future for representatives of different nations was believed to be a prevalent factor in the development of Canadian nationalism (Wallis et al, 2010). It is on behalf of a nation to distinguish between pros and cons of their development. On this background indigenous Canadian population has initiated their protests because they consider themselves to be poor people and they accuse their government of human rights violation. The St'at'imc nation protested against violation of their traditional lands where resort might have been located. Another claim made by other inhabitants in Canada, the building of new hotels has intensified a homelessness crisis. Moreover, the homelessness crisis in Canada severely deepened and turned into "a civic, and provincial and national shame" (Elmer). Therefore, in this article, the issue of nationalism is discussed in the paradigm of the importance of dwelling for a citizen. It is very important for a citizen to identify himself and to have his own place in his country. When this right is violated and taken away in the name of vague goals, an indignant nation may protest against it. In the article by Brandy Yanchyk two points of view are expressed in a broader context. On the one hand, it is underlined that Olympic Games present an opportunity for Canada to become a richer country and increase the vitality and a health level of the Canadian nation. On the other hand, it is underlined that a ma ssive influx of athletes, public and journalists a great problem for Canada. Moreover, â€Å"Canada's indigenous peoples have suffered a long history of poverty, unemployment, and problems with addiction and high rates of suicide† (Yanchuk). Therefore, it is better to perceive the Olympic Games in Vancouver as a chance for indigenous people to show that they are â€Å"entrepreneurs, visual artists and performing artists. You know our culture is really living and thriving today and it's been through challenges," (Yanchuk) – that is the way a representative of the indigenous people have underlined a possible positive outcome of the Olympic Games. The attitude of indigenous people supposes the necessity of multiculturalism development, which is considered by Bannerji as: â€Å"a fantastic evocation of ‘unity’, which in any case becomes a reminder of the divisions† (Bannerji, p.79). Therefore, the objections made by indigenous people against Vancouver Olympic Games can be considered in these frames further on. They are an integrative part of the Canadian nation, but they want to preserve their historical traditions and prevent their territory from intrusion of a massive flux of foreigners. Such people associate themselves with their land and do not want to subject their land to the risk of being devastated by people from all over the world or share with them their dwellings. There is a problem

Huck Finn Not Racist Essay Example for Free

Huck Finn Not Racist Essay Mark Twain’s, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist book because it was written back when the N-word was present in every-day language. Twain constantly used the N-word because it was used in dialect around when it was written. Twain also refers to his not at the beginning of the book to show that his writing is not discriminatory. The portrayal of Jim is based on what twain thought a slave was like. Mark Twain’s use of dialect throughout the story is only used because that was how the average people spoke in that certain time period in which the book was written. In his dialect he is showing that the use of the N-word during that time period was used in reference to the slaves, people didn’t really care for the black people. He uses the dialect ironically to undermine the ways of the old south, showing that they didn’t even notice if a black was killed, they only cared what happened in their own race. At one point there is a boat that explodes, and in town a woman asks one of the men, â€Å"Good gracious! anybody hurt? † and the man replies â€Å"No’m†, â€Å"Killed a n â€Å" this shows the south’s negligibility towards the southern blacks, they didn’t see them as humans. Twain shows this in instances when the King and Duke refer to him, they are just con artists By today’s standards the book is racist because N-word is a derogatory term in modern society, but he uses the term only because that is the term that they used back then. Context Doesn’t say anything about the slaves being inferior, but rather that they are equal to us Doesn’t condone slavery, they are humans they wanyt the same things as we do, freedom, and a real life. Twain does infact show how the slaves would be treated but he does not agree with what they do, he says nothing to show that he agrees with racism.

Overpopulation in the 1900s :: essays research papers

Some people believe that immigration in the 1900’s was a good thing, however, they would be wrong. The United States government should have restricted the immigrants around that time. Some reasons are the population, the taking of new jobs and lowering wages, and diseases spreading quickly. These all factored importantly into why they should not have been allowed in. The population in the 1900’s was beginning to overflow. In 1875 the United States government had to put a immigration restriction so that no more immigrants could come into the United States. Which ended up leading into the depression. Then later in 1882 the United States government had to put a restriction on all Chinese immigrants because there were too many of them coming over. So as a result you can tell that too many immigrants were coming over into the United States. Another big factor in why the immigrants should have been restricted in the 1900’s is because they would take most of the needed jobs in all of the warehouses. The main reason that they would get all of the jobs in the warehouses is because they would come in large amounts and they were willing to work for very little pay. The places that they lived were usually shacks or a 2 or three room apartment so they wouldn’t have many costs to take care of. This also would lead allot of Americans getting angry because it would become harder and harder to find work. Due to the very poor living conditions that all of the immigrants would live in diseases would spread very quickly. Another reason that diseases would spread is because so many different people from different country’s would take very long journeys on a boat where it is tremendously overcrowded. Whenever immigrants would come over they would have to see a doctor.

Dogs as Best Pet Essay

Dogs as best pets have been contentious argument among scholars with center of debate consistently shifting from basic roles of dogs in homes to scientific roles they play in research. It is not fallacious to argue for instance, that in recent decades, there has been social, economic and cultural changes that have brought fundamental shift in the attitude and values of people to an extent that dogs are not only reared as best pets but fulfill a given vacuum left due to a sense of isolation. Scholars such as Tapper (2007) have provided evidence-based researches showing that dogs as pets provide unconditional companionship which equates effective therapeutic options that improve quality of life. However, what Tapper presents in his study should not be considered as the pinnacle in this argument. That is, debate on dogs as the best pet is so rich that argument as made by Tapper is admittedly an introductory one and only represents a research that is clearly in progress. Looking at recen t studies such as Serpell and Paul (2010), it is clear that there are still a number of avenues which beg this assessment to explore regarding benefits of gods as pets and such cannot be explored in the confines of what Tapper argues about. In support of studies that have looked at dogs in a wider perspective, this argument begins, as all proper researches should, that dogs are not only the best pets but work animal. As pets, they are not just fawning but seem to live with people and take their work outside seriously —they are to be found at table and at the gate watching steadily for any intruder. This is not to forget the fact that families use dog as ‘guide dogs for the blind’ or ‘hearing dogs for the blind.’ Though some arguments such as Vivian (2001) have postulated that as pets, dogs can sometime tear their best friends asunder, it is possible to counter this claim in the sense that these pets could only attack their master in situations psychologist term as ‘fight or flight.’ That is, dogs as pets are have feelings and when cornered or threatened, they either fight back or run away from the danger. In fact, close study of these animals as pets brings a number of such contradictions (that dogs can aimlessly attack their masters) (Lloyd-Jones, 2003). Arguments on whether dogs are the best pet stretches back to the early times of Greek civilization where it was, at the very best, liminal, human’s best friend compared to other animals that were domesticated (Tapper, 2007). Contrariwise, this statement remains uncertain owing to the fact that the animal is just a few steps from the wolf. In addition to this, in a confined argument, the theory continues, that dogs as pets are not as important as other animals reared as pets. The thesis statement of this school of thought lies on the premise that the animal contributes nothing to the common good compared to other pets. In as much as there may be truth in this theoretical framework, comparative studies as cited above have succinctly indicated that such a view is fraught with inherent dangers especially if they are pursued overly simplistically. The reason as to why this argument refutes opposing arguments that is strongly is due to the fact that the obvious relationship existing between people and dogs as pets is rarely that simple, regardless of the level of society the dog is reared as a pet. To argue that dogs as pets are economically worthless is fallacious in the sense that young people in the house and dogs as pets are categorized as creatures put near or in the house, fed but with return or meaningless economic services the owner. References Lloyd-Jones, H. (2003), ‘Females of the species and dogs rearing in the upper families.’ ParkRidge, NJ 2003. Serpell, T. & Paul, E. (2010), ‘Pets and the development of positive attitudes towards dogs’, inAnimals and society. Changing perspectives, eds. A. Manning & James Serpell,Routledge, NY 2010, 127-156.Tapper, R. (2007), ‘Animality, humanity, morality, society’, in What is an animal? Ed. T. Ingold,Routledge, NY 2010, 42-72. Vivian, K. (2001), ‘In the company of animal. A study of human-animals relationship.’Routledge, NY 2001, 390-412. Source document

Biblical Injunctions against Homosexuality

Homosexuality remains one of the hottest topics in the modern society. We argue, whether homosexuality has the right to exist in society, and try to explain homosexuality notions in Biblical terms. Objectively, neither proponents, nor opponents of homosexual relations have ever suggested any single relevant system of arguments to defend their position. We try to rely on religion, and we try to interpret our views on homosexuality through the Biblical injunctions against homosexuality. Yet, we still fail to properly interpret Biblical provisions.As a result, proponents and opponents of homosexuality use different (and even opposite) interpretations of the same Biblical texts to support their arguments. John Corvino vs. Vatican: Homosexuality and the Bible It is always interesting and useful to review the two opposite viewpoints, when it comes to evaluating the relevance of both arguments. Such comparison is even more useful, when the arguments are based on the Biblical texts – the texts which still lack single unilateral interpretation.John Corvino has become a well known advocate for the rights of homosexuals. He has used the major Biblical provisions to support his approval of homosexuality. In his work The Bible Condemns Usurers, Too he has used the analogy between homosexuality and the process of lending money for interest. In the Book of Exodus, we read: â€Å"if you lend money to my people, to the poor among you, you shall not exact interest for them† (Childs 33).However, contemporary society actively utilizes the principles of interest in traditional banking practice (with the exception of Islamic banking which still relies on lending without interest). Does this mean that while the Bible prohibits homosexuality it still has the right to exist? In Corvino’s view, it does. Moreover, Corvino uses one of the strongest Biblical injunctions against homosexuality to suggest that the Bible has probably been erroneous! The Bible explicitly re fers to â€Å"dishonorable passions.Their women exchanges natural relations for unnatural, and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men† (Ziesler 97). Corvino tries to suggest, that although the Bible condemns homosexuality, the times and social conditions have changed. â€Å"Suppose that in Paul’s time homosexual relationships were typically exploitative, paganistic or pederastic† (Corvino). For Vatican, though such suggestions are at least weak.First of all, Vatican unilaterally condemns homosexuality. Second, Vatican grounds its position on the same Biblical injunctions against homosexuality. It is remarkable, that Vatican primarily uses the same letter of Paul to Romans to support its strong condemnation of homosexuality: â€Å"Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one anot her. They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator – who is forever praised.Amen† (Vatican Statement on Homosexuality). It is not difficult to guess what the Church would respond to Corvino: the Church would certainly defend the holy union between a man and a woman. The letter of Paul to Romans is the direct condemnation of homosexuality, and it is difficult not to deny that the Bible takes homosexual behavior as immoral. In 1997, Vatican released a Statement on Homosexuality. That Statement has become the brightest and the most understandable interpretation of Vatican’s position towards homosexuality.â€Å"To choose someone of the same sex for one’s sexual activity is to annul the rich symbolism and meaning, not to mention the goals, of the Creator’s sexual design† (Vatican Statement on Homosexuality). Even in the light of such strong Church’s arguments, Corvino’s pos ition remains unchanged. He persistently tries to assure the public that we misinterpret Biblical provisions. Corvino grounds his position on the irrelevance of contemporary Biblical interpretations, and on the fact that many Biblical injunctions against homosexuality are at least outdated. Vatican would hardly agree with that position.When the Bible says â€Å"By their fruits ye shall know them† (Ziesler 99), this does not mean that the Bible stands for homosexuality. Moreover, Vatican openly recognizes that it has appeared under the serious pressure to accept homosexuality. While Corvino suggests that the Church refuses to see homosexual relations as good, Vatican responds that â€Å"there is an effort in some countries to manipulate the Church [†¦] to conform to these pressure groups’ concept that homosexuality is at least a completely harmless, if not an entirely good, thing† (Vatican Statement on Homosexuality).For Vatican to reject homosexuality means not only to rely on certain Biblical passages; it means to evaluate the position of homosexuality proponents, and to re-direct the proponents’ arguments against themselves. Conclusion We have seen that both Vatican and John Corvino ground their research of homosexuality on the Bible. Moreover, Vatican and Corvino evaluate the same Biblical injunctions against homosexuality to prove that each of them keeps to a more correct path in the homosexuality debate.The Bible openly condemns homosexuality. John Corvino suggests that the Biblical injunctions against homosexuality are outdated and require re-consideration in the light of the changing societal conditions. Vatican keeps to the thought that homosexuality cannot be good, it cannot be harmless, and takes Corvino’s position as threatening to the religious stability of the society.Both arguments deserve attention; both require detailed re-evaluation in terms of Biblical interpretations, and the analogies drawn by John Co rvino. It would be incorrect to state that either Vatican or Corvino have failed to justify their position towards homosexuality. It will be better to say that as long as both positions exist and are defended in the society, we will be able to produce a more objective view on what homosexuality is, and whether it has the right to exist as a notion.Works Cited Corvino, John. â€Å"The Bible Condemned Usurers, Too. † Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review, 24 (1996): 29-32. Childs, Brevard S. The Book of Exodus: A Critical Theological Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press, 1974. â€Å"Vatican Statement on Homosexuality†. 1997. Catholic World News. 06 March 2008. http://www. cwnews. com/news/viewstory. cfm? recnum=4548 Ziesler, John A. Paul’s Letter to the Romans. New Testament Commentaries. CRM Press.

Roe v Wade essays

Roe v Wade essays Roe vs. Wade: The Decision and its Impact on American Society The Court today is correct in holding that the right asserted by Jane Roe is embraced within the personal liberty protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It is evident that the Texas abortion statute infringes that right directly. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine a more complete abridgment of a constitutional freedom than that worked by the inflexible criminal statute now in force in Texas. The question then becomes whether the state interests advanced to justify this abridgment can survive the particularly careful scrutiny that the Fourteenth Amendment here requires. The asserted state interests are protection of the health and safety of the pregnant woman, and protection of the potential future human life within her. But such legislation is not before us, and I think the Court today has thoroughly demonstrated that these state interests cannot constitutionally support the broad abridgment of personal liberty worked by the existing Texas law. Accordingly , I join the Court's opinion holding that that law is invalid under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Craig and OBrien 17). On January twenty-second, 1973 Justice Harry Blackmun delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court regarding the Roe vs. Wade case. A pregnant single woman, Jane Roe, brought a class action lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the Texas criminal abortion laws, which proscribed procuring or attempting an abortion except on medical advice for the purpose of saving the mother's life. Norma McCorvey, the real name of the plaintiff, was young and divorced at the time, searching for a solution to her unplanned pregnancy. No legitimate doctor in Texas would touch me, stated McCorvey. There I was pregnant, unmarried, unemployed, alone and stuck (Craig and OBrien 5). The plaint...

Things Fall Apart pt. 1 essays

Things Fall Apart pt. 1 essays The Ibo Society reveals its own sunderings into privileged and marginalized colonial groups by basically three factors. The first two factors the people of the Ibo have no control over. Women have basically no rights in this society, and are collected as cattle by men, who have multiple wives, but women who are able to bare more children are held with greater esteem then those who cannot. The "First" wife is basically the leader of the wives within a family. The first wife is either the favorite wife or the first one married to the husband. Women are sold at a young age by their fathers for sticks in the Ibo Society. The more attractive the woman the more sticks she is worth. The Second factor has to do with age. Old men are held in great esteem. This is not to say that younger men cannot be held in the same esteem as old men. If a younger man can prove his worth on the field of battle then he will be held in the same esteem as the older wiser men. The third factor is the one that all men have control over. The harder the worker, and this goes for anything, the more respected that man is. Okonkwo's father was lazy and accumulated much debt during his life, which he never paid off. He was never given a title, which is a major accomplishment in the society. Every time a man receives another level of achievement in his life he is given another title. The higher the title the more privileges that man will receive. The Ibo follow very strict laws that many of the surrounding clans do not follow as strictly. I think that the strict way the Ibo follow these laws that they follow so sacred is foreshadowing what will be their demise for the fact that they will not be able to adapt when the white man (which many have never seen) comes. ...

The war on terror has contibuted to abuse of human rights Essay

The war on terror has contibuted to abuse of human rights - Essay Example No, have not attached my survey results; though have used that information to answer queries. 5. Put your claim/position and â€Å"evidence† through the â€Å"Scientific Method† and â€Å"Proving a theory† steps. Are there any steps on which your claim/position and evidence do not measure up to the examination? If so, what can you do to make them more acceptable? My purpose is to campaign and put emphasis on human right. I would wish my audience to think about the ideal way on how to deal with in just practice globally. Specifically ways on how to curd terrorism globally. I would wish them to think on the in justice done to the Arab countries by the Americans. Dropping of bombs to destroy lives of the innocent and infrastructure in those countries by America and its allies could also be termed as terrorism itself. If, America and its allies wished to get rid of terrorist they could have used a more appropriate way. In this sense, a way that would have spared the innocent souls. 8. What words or phrases have you included to cause your audience to do, feel, or think the way that you want them to do, feel, or think? Include all of your motivational or empathetic â€Å"cues† for your audience. My purpose is to campaign and put emphasis on human right. I would wish my audience to think about the ideal way on how to deal with in just practice globally. Specifically ways on how to curd terrorism globally. I would wish them to think on the in justice done to the Arab countries by the Americans. Dropping of bombs to destroy lives of the innocent and infrastructure in those countries by America and its allies could also be termed as terrorism itself. If, America and its allies wished to get rid of terrorist they could have used a more apt way. In this sense, a way that would have spared the innocent souls. I feel that my audience will get

The Role of Cost Accounting in Business Planning, Control, and Essay

The Role of Cost Accounting in Business Planning, Control, and Decision Making - Essay Example Modern cost accounting is being termed as management accounting, since managers being the primary user of accounting information are increasingly using the data provided by the accounts, setting objectives and controlling the operations of the business. Today cost accounting is much more than an inventory cost tracking system. Cost accounting involves determining the costs of products and activities, but it does have a broader role; to furnish management with information used in planning and controlling activities, in improving quality and efficiency, and in formulating strategic policy. To be more specific, cost accounting can help management achieve the following: †¢ Formulating and implementing plans and budgets that motivate employees toward the achievement of company goals. †¢ Establishing cost tracking methods that allow control of operations, cost savings and improvement in quality. †¢ Controlling inventory cost, minimizing inventory investment, and determining the cost of each product or service. †¢ Pricing products and services in ways that are congruent with organizational goals. †¢ Making prudent decisions that impact both short-term and long-term revenues and expanses. Technological changes and management innovations are drastically changing the nature of costs. Many technologically advanced companies have lower inventory levels; use less labor and often experience increasing levels of fixed costs. These developments are interesting and exiting, but they are also challenging cost accounting systems to provide reliable, useful information, data that can be used to keep an organization efficient and most of all competitive in the global market. The cost and management accounting is responsible for generating financial information required by the firm for internal and external reporting. This involves responsibility for collecting, processing and reporting information that will help managers in their planning, controlling and other decision making activities (Hanson & Mowen, 2005). The detailed formulation of future actions to achieve a particular end in the management activity called planning. Planning therefore requires setting objectives and identi fying methods to achieve those objectives. An organization may have the objective of increasing its short term and long-term profitability by improving the overall quality of its products. By improving product quality, the organization should be able to reduce scrap and rework, decrease the number of customer complaints and the amount of warranty work, reduce the resources currently assigned to inspection and so on, thus increasing profitability. This is accomplished by working with suppliers to improve the quality of incoming raw materials, establishing quality control circles, and studying defects to ascertain their causes. So cost accounting plays major role in management planning and control of organization. Similarly cost accounting plays effective role in the decision making process in the organization as well. The process of choosing among competing alternatives is decision making. Decision can be improved if information about the alternative is gathered and made

Feminism in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminism in American Cinema - Essay Example One meaning is "films made by women" and the other meaning is "films made for women" (p. 27). The first pat of her article attempts to explain how each field within these traditional definitions was transformed by feminism over time, using the "woman at the keyhole metaphor" to show how women gained status from being objects of voyeuristic curiosity and into the curious voyeurs themselves. As Mayne argues (p. 28), there is a need to consider "what relationships women have had traditionally and historically, as filmmakers and as film consumers, to the medium" in order to "understand how women make movies". Nothing could be farther from the truth, but this one-sided argument founded on masculine logic hides a basic natural fact: that men and women are different, and thank heavens that they are, and that women and their feminist representation in cinema would be a constantly evolving and a permanently complex and elusive goal. Mayne explains (p. 33-34) that while it is true that having women at the other end of the keyhole is a typical sign of masculine voyeuristic tendencies, it is also true that women love being seen, watched, and admired. They want to feel and look beautiful, not for any reason or motive that is a sign of inferiority, but because that is how they are wired, and nothing is bad about that. It is only "not good" if such a natural human tendency is associated with a (blonde-haired or beautiful-faced) lack of intellectual capacity. This knee-jerk subjective reaction, no matter how one looks at it, and whether it is applied to women or men, is more a reflection of the one who makes rash judgments based on looks and appearances and not based on interior substance. Women are the ultimate dialecticians, Mayne declares, recalling Ruby Rich (p. 40), who declared that "for a woman today, film is a dialectical experience in a way that it never was and never will be for a man under patriarchy". Like Brecht's ultimate dialectician who lives the tension of two different cultures, "women bring into the movie theater a context and a certain coding from life outside the theater". This is perhaps the reason why women love different films in different ways, and why some films made by and for women reach their audiences in unique ways. Feminism in cinema has certainly shaped the way actors act and filmmakers - both men and women - do films, making the human experience richer and more sophisticated. This is good for all, not only for men and the patriarchy to understand women a bit better, but also for women to better understand themselves and how they look at the world. Making, watching and critiquing movies are, indeed, different and complex (p. 41-42), and reflect the innate and natural differences between men and women that provide the artistic cinematic world a dialectic tension that contributes to its magic. Mayne's ambivalent view of women's cinema is carried over to the definition of the feminine aesthetic by de

The social consequences as a result of EU expansion Essay Example for Free

The social consequences as a result of EU expansion Essay The accession of ten nations of Eastern Europe will increase the existing social crisis in these nations and also the entire EU. The Eastern Europe population has already suffered a lot as a result of increase in unemployment levels, poverty decreased wages, the destruction of various social provisions in the region in an attempt of fulfilling the membership requirements of EU. There has been introduction of conditions of a free market, the enterprises which were formerly being controlled by the governments have been privatized and also taking up measures which are quite radical by various states in order to join the EU has left the economies and social conditions of their countries very much devastated (MCCORMICK, 2007). The wage levels in the countries that are seeking to be admitted to the EU community are currently lower by 5 to 8 times as compared to the wage levels in the EU. The per capita average of the gross domestic product in EU countries is currently about twenty four thousand two hundred and fifty euros which is quite high when compared to that of states that are seeking to join the EU community such as Hungary and Latvia that only have a gross domestic product of seven thousand and eighty euros and three thousand seven hundred and forty respectively. The main cause of poverty in most states seeking admission into the EU community is unemployment; it has increased drastically in these countries over the last one and a half decades. A good example is that of the republic of Czech where it has increased from about zero point seven percent in 1990 to about six point five in the year 1998 and it is currently about eleven percent. On average, this percentage is twice as much in EU (Fischer, 2000). Although, the figures given above do not give a true reflection of the comparison, since there exists a lot of regional disparity. But the quest for countries to become members of the EU community and thus trying as much as they can to fulfill the conditions set is an obvious factor that has made these countries to experience some of these devastating problems like increased levels of unemployment and deterioration in the social amenities. In Bratislava which is the Slovakian capital, which is about sixty kilometers away from Vienna, the levels of unemployment are about four percent. This increases to approximately sixty percent in the rural regions which are about two hundred kilometers to the east. A comparable range of unemployment can be observed in the state of Hungary. Although, the unemployment levels are very minimal in the Budapest City, in the rural areas it increases to more than forty percent (MCCORMICK, 2007). The enterprises of the Western Europe consider the regions in the east of Europe as a paradise for their investments. This has made the states in the Eastern Europe to reduce their taxes in an attempt to make of making these regions attractive to the Western Europe investors. Czech Republic has reduced the rate of business taxes by about seven to twenty four percent. Poland has followed the steps of Slovakia and has introduced a tax rate which is uniform of nineteen percent which is applied uniformly whether one is just as ordinary employee or is a millionaire (MCCORMICK, 2007). The tax incentives together with massive differentials in the average wages has made several corporations to rapidly shift their production plants to the Eastern Europe states. This will in future make the states in these regions such as Slovakia to become the major car producers in the world when computed per person of the Slovakian population. Information and Technology as well as service industries are also being moved to these regions this will in future mean the creation of massive jobs in these regions as well as development of infrastructure (Roney, Budd, 1998). However, despite the major benefits that is likely to arise as a result of the tax incentives in these regions, the tax experts are warning the governments of these states that these measures are likely to be insufficient to enable these governments adequately cater for all their needs. They will also never be fully compensated for the shortfalls they will experience from the decreased revenues arising due to the reforms. These tax measures will leave several big holes in their budgets and as a result they will not be able to provide their citizens with all the necessary social amenities (MCCORMICK, 2007). In part, this state of affairs has been achieved already in the countries that wish to become members of the EU community. As far as the economists are concerned the foreign trade and budget deficits are the real potential crisis to the economies of these accession states. A good example is the one Estonia where the deficit in its budget rose to about fifteen percent in 2003. This is higher by about five times when compared to the deficit in the Argentinean budget in 2001 which was responsible of provoking a massive financial crisis. In 2004 Hungary, there was massive pressure on the forint as a result of the increasing deficit in the country’s budget. At that time the deficit in the foreign trade was about fifty eight percent while in Latvia it approximated sixty four percent of the total gross domestic products (Hofmann, Turk, 2006). Contrary, the accession countries will not improve the state of affairs even after they become members to the EU community. All the relevant economic indicators show that the disparity in wages between the west and the east will continue to persist for more than a decade after their accession. Again the reforms being undertaken by the states in the east of Europe will continue even after their accession. For example, the government of the Republic of Czech revealed that more reduction in pensions provision and health sector were necessary. Considering the prevailing welfare condition in the country, such a move can only be equated to privatization (MCCORMICK, 2007). Most likely, the Western Europe conditions will be modified with the conditions of states that are seeking accession. Even more attacks which are very comprehensive on the social standards and wages will be required to continue being competitive. According to an economic research study that was conducted by the University of Munich, indicated that the cut in wages that has been proposed in East Germany should be implemented. This is because after the accession of the Eastern Europe states, the regional financial support that was coming from the Brussels will decrease and this will lead to increased unemployment which will be a major threat to the economy of these countries (MCCORMICK, 2007).

Overcoming the Constraints of Society Essay -- literary Analysis, Kate

he focus of this paper will be to examine Kate Chopin’s The Awakening chapter ten, specifically paragraphs five to ten. Throughout The Awakening Edna is constantly fighting with the expectations of society and her desire to be a free woman. As a woman, Edna is expected to be the perfect wife and mother, however she longs to embrace and free her creative self. Because of this battle within herself she shows many of the characteristics of depression. The passage mentioned above is very symbolic of Edna’s fight to overcome her mental illness. The thesis of this paper is that Edna’s yearning to swim is a metaphor for her longing to overcome depression, patriarchal expectations and societal constraints. By taking an in-depth look into the author’s word choice, a parallel can be found between learning to swim and the ability to overcome the depression within. The water mentioned in the passage is symbolic of Edna’s depression, and the fact that she had been trying to learn how to swim shows that she is trying to conquer it. Edna’s inability to swim shows that she was struggling to defeat her depression, however she was actively trying to find help by asking others for assistance. Edna describes that â€Å"A certain ungovernable dread hung about her when in the water† (Chopin 73), this shows her fear of succumbing to the depression but also her anxiety to rise above it. By giving in to the depression Edna would accept society’s expectation of her, she would have to become the perfect mother and wife at any cost. Meanwhile, in order for her to rise out of the depression she would have to give in to her desire to be free of these expectations. Before Edna was able to swim, she describes herself as a â€Å"tottering, stumbling, clutching chi... ... the water in this passage, and her decision on whether or not to conform to the expectations of society. Her inability to swim in the beginning exhibits how Edna has been conforming to the expectations of society by becoming both a wife and mother, and as a result has developed the depression. Edna was able to defeat her depression, represented by her learning how to swim, by choosing the more solitary path. It can also be seen that Edna’s hold on her depression is very unsteady and wavering, which shows that she might not be able to control it. In the end she was â€Å"reaching out for the unlimited in which to lose herself.†(Chopin 74), which shows that she is unable to contain her creative self within and she is looking for an escape from society. It also represents that she cannot keep control of her depression and that she is also looking for an escape from life.

Global Research Paper: the Military Tactics of Mongol Essay

The Mongol civilization was a highly advanced group of people in terms of military characteristics. They had superior weapons and strategic skills that contributed to their success of conquests. The purpose of this investigation is to address the question: To what extent did the Mongols benefit from their advanced military tactics? The major body of evidence will focus on Genghis Khan who was a prominent Mongolian ruler, the Mongol army, their war tactics, the empire and finally, the invading of neighboring countries. These subtopics will assist in answering the research question by describing the significant role of Genghis Khan in leading his empire, and also their advanced military strategies and to what measure of success these factors resulted in. Sources such as books and databases were used to provide research and background information on the subtopics. They have been evaluated according to their origin, purpose, values and limitations. One of the databases, â€Å"Mongol Empire (Overview)† gave me a gist and a clear understanding of how the Mongols used their military skills to conquer many areas. I gained knowledge of some of their strengths and strategies that allowed them to become a powerful army. The analysis of all these documents will help to establish the extent of the benefit that the Mongols obtained through their advanced military tactics. Summary of Evidence The Mongol Empire originated from the nomadic tribes of the Central Asian steppes, now called Mongolia. The high, dry grasslands and mountainous geography on the steppes was not fit for farming, so they raised sheep and horses instead. However, this was one of the reasons to why the Mongols were able to vastly expand. Sheep provided meat, milk and cheese, which were their main diet. Horses were their source of mobility for hunting and transportation. Both of these factors stood as significant advantages for their army. The Mongols, however, were not strongly unified in the beginning. They had no solid foundation for a central government. The civilization was divided into different tribes that were each led by chiefs, and the tribes were always at each others’ throats. In all this time of constant fighting and violence, a man stepped up to unify all of the Mongol tribes and eventually reated an omnipotent empire. His name was Temujin(1162-1227), who later obtained the title, â€Å"Genghis Khan†, meaning universal ruler. A man named Juavini once stated, â€Å"Before the appearance of Genghis Khan they had no chief or ruler. Each tribe or two tribes lived separately; they were not united with one another, and there was constant fighting and hostility between them. † Genghis Khan ruled from 1206 to 1227 and led great military campaigns during his reign that contributed to their Golden Age. The Mongol army and their military campaigns were like tidal waves. They swept away any obstacles in their way and showed no mercy if the enemy resisted against them. One of Genghis Khan’s war strategy was the use of psychological weapons. He manifested terror and panic into the obscure areas of the country. His plan was to create a sense of such fatal destruction that resisting would be foolish. Another explanation to why the Mongol army were successful in their conquests was extreme mobility (up to 100 miles a day) and advanced weapons. The cavalry were always seen to be galloping on their horses. They shot arrows while charging at the enemy and moved with tremendous speed. The Mongols were also able to adopt new tactics and master new technologies. When Genghis Khan realized their weakness in capturing fortifications, he took captives of Chinese siege engineers and learned siege tactics such as building catapults and ladders. On the battlefield, the Mongols liked to fight in teams rather than individually. While the Japanese army was trained to present their skills by fighting in single combats, the Mongols were trained to work together as a team. If a samurai individually stepped up to a Mongol for a battle, the samurai would be surrounded and killed. A Japanese warrior named Hachiman Gudokun explained, â€Å"According to our manner of fighting, we must first call out by name someone from the enemy ranks, and then attack in single combat. But they took no notice at all of such conventions. They rushed forward all together in a mass, grappling with any individuals they could not catch and killing them. † This may seem unfair; however, this is one of the barbaric ways that the Mongols fought and it gained them victories. The Mongols were able to conquer lands and expand their territory; however, the extent of the benefit does not terminate there. Since the Mongol Empire controlled most of Asia and parts of Europe, they ruled much of the territory through which the Silk Road journeyed. Due to the peace within the empire, there was a great flow of merchants, craftsmen and missionaries traveling along the road, exchanging new ideas and creating cultural diffusion. The Mongols brought back new goods and cultures from the area that they conquered. When Genghis Khan retuned to Mongolia from China, he brought back engineers, musicians, translators, doctors and scribes. He also brought back goods such as silk, porcelain, iron kettles, armor, perfumes, jewelry, wine, medicines, gold and much more. From then on, they received goods from China in a steady flow. Because the Mongols, despite that they were barbaric and strictly militaristic, were able to keep peace and control in their empire, trading and traveling increased and exposed people to new ideas and culture. These factors led to the Golden Age of the Mongol Empire, Pax Mongolica. This golden age gave the Mongols a chance to advance in not only military, but economically and socially also. They were able to prosper with all the riches that they obtained from various trades and they were able to develop their society with the new ideas that were brought over from different cultures. Evaluation of Source The book Genghis Khan and the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400 was written by Stephen Turnbull. He is a historian specializing in eastern military history and wrote other books relating to the history of the Mongols, such as the Mongol Warrior. The publisher, a credible source, Routledge was founded in 1851 and became a major publishing house. The author’s intention for writing this book was for scholars, teachers, and students who are interested in studying the history of the Mongols. The book sought to answer questions such as: How did the Mongols obtain such power with their army? What tactics and strategies did they have in order to succeed in conquest? Therefore, there were some value as well as limitations to this book as it was used for research. There were quotes from other people who observed the Mongols, for example, soldiers who fought them. They described them to be barbaric and somewhat unfair. However, the book only shows the view of others, mostly the Mongols’ neighboring countries and enemies. There were no quotes from the Mongols that allowed to defend themselves. Another limitation was the fact that this was a secondary source and the author was not a witness to this event. This is a limitation because the information may not be accurate due to the time difference between the event and now. There were also some unanswered questions such as how their advanced army benefited them with a golden age and how their golden age had a great impact on their society. This limited my amount of research and therefore, I had to look for another source with that information. Analysis The Mongols had two different faces. They were brutal and fierce. They brought destruction among their enemies if they chose to fight. On the other side, they were benevolent and kind with those who yielded to them. It is seen that the Mongols were merciless and barbaric people; however this is not the whole truth. The Mongols did not torture or mutilate, while their enemies did. They preferred to slaughter in one quick motion which allowed their enemy to feel barely any pain. European rulers often enjoyed bloody executions such as stretching and hacking the body into pieces, but the Mongols did not take part in such gruesome activity. In fact, these horrible executions were carried out on the captured Mongols. An explanation to why the Mongols were able to have a benign side was because of their leader, Genghis Khan. He is known to be a fierce man but he has a bit of a merciful characteristic also. Genghis Khan said to a man who attempted to assassinate him, â€Å"When an enemy wishes to kill someone, he keeps the fact secret†¦But you have been frank with me. Become, therefore, my companion. In memory of your deed, I will name you ‘Jebei’–the arrow. † This portrays not only the act of forgiving, but the tremendous amount of confidence that Genghis Khan had in himself by befriending an assassin. On the other hand, he was not so forgiving on the battlefield. He intimidated his enemies to the point where some even fled before the fight began. Having such a confident leader affirmatively impacted the Mongol Empire and its army. With Genghis Khan leading them, they were fearless and confident that they will take victory. â€Å"My friends, Temujin knows how to range men for battle much better than Baibuga,† said Jamuka, who fled from battle after seeing Genghis Khan’s fighting arrangement. The Mongol army were able to conquer and create a vast empire. From the perspective of the conquered people, it may be negative, considering all the orrid destructions that were brought by the Mongols. However, the Mongol Empire was extraordinary. It brought almost the entire continent of Asia under one control. There was no division in the land because there was religious and cultural tolerance. Relevant to culture, as mentioned in the summary of evidence, the Mongols had an impact on the Silk Road. Trade along the Silk Road had decreased si nce the fall of the Tang dynasty but revived during the Mongol Empire because safe travel was guaranteed throughout the entire empire. Therefore, it created a huge economical boom and a great deal of new culture and knowledge reached Europe while the Mongols were able to experience a Golden Age. Conclusion The extent of the benefit that the Mongols received from their successful military was a time period of peace, prosperity and technological advancements. They were introduced to many new cultures as well as weapons and goods like silk and gold from China, which allowed them to prosper and become even more powerful. Pax Mongolica, their Golden Age, was the climax of their empire, and the extent of their power. The Mongol Empire can be compared to the Hellenistic Age. Figures like Alexander the Great and Augustus had conquered great amount of land and expanded their territory just as Genghis Khan did for the Mongols. However, both empires fell after their period of prosperity, which showed another similarity between two great civilizations. What would have happened if the Mongols did not fall after their golden age? The extent of their benefit from their advanced military tactics may have been greater. Reference http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h11mon.htm

Hr Live Project on Job Satisfaction & Employee Satisfaction

AMITY UNIVERSITY AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL(AIBS) PROjECT REPORT ON Job Satisfaction & Employee satisfaction AT Areva T&D India Ltd. , Noida SUBMITTED TO: Ms. CHITRA KRISHNAN GROUP MEMBERS * PRIYAL AGARWAL(A1802012201) * JAMSHED SHABIR() * GARIMA ARORA() * HARSH GOEL() * ASHISH TANWAR() sECTION- C MBA-IB Introduction In the present scenario of business world the only thing that is confirmed is change. Competent employees will not remain competent forever.Their skills can deteriorate; technology may make their skills obsolete; the organization may move into new areas changing the type of jobs that exist and the skills necessary to do them. Human Resource is the discipline which drives business competitiveness by identifying that constant change in the business trends, hence need for constant up gradation of the employee’s skills and implementing it with a variety of methods and training programs. Quality without creativity is meaningless as changes grow ever more unpre dictable creativity is rapidly becoming recognized a core management skill.Today’s business environment demands that manager posses a wide range of knowledge skills and competencies, as well as sound understanding of management process and function. Managers need to be able to make best use of their time, talent and of other people to work with and through others to achieve corporate objectives. They also need to demonstrate their ability not merely to solve problems, but to transform them and design ways through them. This report concerns job satisfaction level and organizational climate, which are the important function in every organization.AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for highly reliable nuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a sales network in more than 100, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. AREVA is the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field.AREVA business help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges: making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsible toward future generation. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D bring together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party suppliers, to address customers’ specific problem, however complex, and add value to their business. The overall project report provides analysis of Job satisfaction and employee satisfaction in Areva T&D India Ltd, Noida.The employees of Areva T&D India Ltd have different attitude towards organization. There are different dimensions through which we can analyze the attitude of the employees of the organization. COMPANY profile AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for highly reliable nuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a sales network in more than 100, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and istribution. AREVA is the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field. AREVA business help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges: making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsible toward future generation. AREVA T&D INDIA AREVA T&D is a worldwide specialist in Transmission & Distribution. We design, manufacture and supply a complete range of products, systems and services for all stages in the transfer of electricity from generator to the large end user.We are pioneers in the field of Protection & Control with a proven track record of over eight decades. Our team of T&D engineers is the largest team dedicated to T&D solutions. About 75% of the country’s load flow is managed by our Energy Management Systems.. AREVA T&D’s products and systems serve to transmit and distribute electricity, ensure the reliability, quality and safety of energy flows, as well as operate efficient networks through information management.AREVA T&D offers a global response to customer’s service needs delivered by locally based resources in the areas of: * Network consulting & equipment expertise and diagnosis. * Erection, commissioning and supervision. * Maintenance, including spares management. * Repair and emergency support. * Renovation and refurbishment. * Operation and asset management. * Training. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D bring together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party suppliers, to address customers’ specific problem, however complex, nd add value to their business. AREVAT&D enhance customers’ capabilities by bringing to them answers developed by market segments, through best practices and industry-specific expertise in: * Power Engineering * Distribution Power * Oil & Gas * Water * Pulp & Glass * Railways * Mining & Metals At AREVA T&D, innovation is key to successfully differentiating and continuously gaining market share. The company spends 3% of sales (150 Million) on research and development. This allocation is then used for each of the regions, where AREVA T&D has business activities.India is a key region for allocation of such Research & Development funds. AREVA T&D currently employs over 4300 people in India across 8 manufacturing Units and 22 Sales Offices. Your Company has been trend-setter in the field of high voltage switchgear and was the first to build the 765 kV Sub-station in India with National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) at SIPAT, Chhattisgarh. Around 70% of power flow in India’s transmission grids is managed by AREVA T&D’s Automation solutions.Your Comp any has to its credit a complete range of T&D Products, Systems, Services and Automation solutions. Areva Joint Venture AREVA’s Transmission and Distribution division has announced today the signing of an agreement to form a 50/50 joint venture with the Russian company, United Company RUSAL (UC RUSAL), the world’s largest producer of aluminum. The joint venture will become the preferred supplier for turnkey projects, electrical equipment and services in the T&D field for UC RUSAL’s plants and is expected to generate $500 million in orders over the next five years.Through this partnership, UC RUSAL will secure key competencies to support its fast growing production capacity. For AREVA, partnering with UC RUSAL will enable the company to strengthen its position on the booming electro-intensive industries market, and to further develop its activities in Russia. AREVA has longstanding experience and expertise in developing high direct current electricity supply syst ems for aluminum production sites around the world. In 2006, it designed and installed such a customized electrical system for UC RUSAL’s Sayanogorsk site in Siberia.Philippe Guillemot, Chairman and CEO of AREVA’s Transmission and Distribution division, said: â€Å"This new partnership is in line with our strategy to reinforce our presence on the industries market. It also illustrates our strong commitment to support UC RUSAL’s development strategy by ensuring its secure access to key competencies in the electrical field. † More about with manufacturing facilities in 41 countries and a sales network in more than 100 countries, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2-free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution.We are the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industrial activities in this field. Our 61,000 employees are committed to continuous improvement on a daily basis, making sust ainable development the focal point of the group’s industrial strategy. AREVA’s businesses help meet the 21st century’s greatest challenges:   making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly towards future generations. AREVA's T;D division is an active player around the globe.It designs, manufactures and supplies a complete range of equipment, systems and services for all stages in the transfer of electricity, from the generator to the large end-user. global presence We are one of the world's leading T&D companies. We have over 25,000 employees located in more than 30 countries, with a dedicated sales force serving customers in over 100 countries. AREVA NP  is the world leader in the design and construction of nuclear power plants and research reactors, engineering, instrumentation and control, modernization, maintenance and repair services, component manufacture and supply of nuclear fuel.The jointly-owned company is headquarte red in Paris, with regional subsidiaries in the U. S. and Germany. AREVA has a 66% and Siemens a 34% stake in AREVA NP. VISION AND MISSION Vision AREVA is to make the high profile of company and to create the brand name in the whole words. Their best products are for transmission and distribution. Mission At AREVA they face new and exciting challenges every day as they support the needs of customers. But there’s also a bigger picture to career.Businesses help to meet the needs of the great endeavors of the 21st century – making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly for future generations. It’s a vision that includes innovating cleaner, safer, and more attainable energy to drive economies, develop cultures, and deepen life experiences. LOCATION DETAILS AREVA T&D INDIA LIMITED. is located at Allahabad which is in the heart of the city where service is easily available for all customer and easy access compare with other place that a vailable in city. Location has major impact on success or failure of operation.Advantages of this type of location are that service cost and distribution cost is minimum comparison with other place. The major investor service centers of Transformer & Distribution are as below. Our study is on its location in Noida. LAYOUT DETAILS There is a plan of all the act of planning & optimum arrangement of planning including flow of man & material and customer, operating equipment, storage space, material handling equipments and all other supporting services along with the design of best structure to contain all these facilities.PLANNING AND CONTROL It is useful for effective utilization of resources, to achieve organization goal and objectives with respect to quality service, cost control timely service to co-ordinate with other department to ensure continuous quality service. There is a proper planning and planning with respect to which type of scheme to be introduced, what are expenses of R&D for finding out feasibility of that scheme, how many people will work on that particular job, before introducing new scheme.There is special research department for carrying out the analysis of market and there is a fund manager who carries out all planning for investing in various sector and he is also responsible for controlling the cost of transaction so that it can give return to investors. PRODUCTION & MAINTENANCE The production engineers ensure that the level of production complies with customer requirements, test and maintain the facilities. AREVA is looking for young professionals who are keen to face technical challenges in the field, and to get involved in team management. ————————————————-IMPROVEMENT & PROTECTION AREVA’s line of business is highly demanding in terms of quality, safety and environmental preservation. Those working in these fields are o f major importance to the group and contribute to its overall performance. As a result, the professions linked to these fields have a very important place within the group, and contribute to the company's overall performance. ————————————————- CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SATISFACTION AREVA manages and develops technical and industrial solutions to meet customer requirements.Our sales engineers develop and maintain customer relations, prepare bids, negotiate and manage contracts and offer after-sales service. The role of the sales engineers is to develop and maintain customer relations. Prepare offers, negotiate and manage contracts and provide after-sales service. MANAGEMENT ; DEVELOPMENT Like other companies that work in complex fields and very different countries, AREVA uses its support activities to promote the strategic and functional development of the group. All of its exec utives and managers use expert skills to carry out their duties.JOB SATISFACTION Job satisfaction is how content an individual is with his or her job. Scholars and human resource professionals generally make a distinction between affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is the extent of pleasurable emotional feelings individuals have about their jobs overall, and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals’ satisfaction with particular facets of their jobs, such as pay, pension arrangements, working hours, and numerous other aspects of their jobs.Job satisfaction is a subjective, personal state perceived by the individual as being in his favor. It is the result of various attitudes possessed by worker. In a narrow sense, these attitudes are related to the job and conditions, advancement opportunities, and recognition of abilities, fair residual of grievances and other similar items. FACTORS AFFECTI ON JOB SATISFACTION * Working Conditions Because employees spend so much time in their work environment each week, it's important for companies to try to optimize working conditions.Such things as providing spacious work areas rather than cramped ones, adequate lighting and comfortable work stations contribute to favorable work conditions. Providing productivity tools such as upgraded information technology to help employees accomplish tasks more efficiently contributes to job satisfaction as well. * Opportunity for Advancement Employees are more satisfied with their current job if they see a path available to move up the ranks in the company and be given more responsibility and along with it higher compensation.Many companies encourage employees to acquire more advanced skills that will lead to the chance of promotion. Companies often pay the cost of tuition for employees taking university courses, for example. During an employee's annual performance review, a supervisor should map out a path showing her what she needs to accomplish and what new skills she needs to develop in order to be on a track to advancement within the organization. * Workload and Stress Level Dealing with a workload that is far too heavy and deadlines that are impossible to reach can cause job satisfaction to erode for even the most dedicated employee.Falling short of deadlines results in conflict between employees and supervisors and raises the stress level of the workplace. Many times, this environment is caused by ineffective management and poor planning. The office operates in a crisis mode because supervisors don't allow enough time for employees to perform their assigned tasks effectively or because staff levels are inadequate. * Respect from Co-Workers Employees seek to be treated with respect by those they work with. A hostile work environment — with rude or unpleasant coworkers — is one that usually has lower job satisfaction. * Relationship with SupervisorsEffect ive managers know their employees need recognition and praise for their efforts and accomplishments. Employees also need to know their supervisor's door is always open for them to discuss any concerns they have that are affecting their ability to do their jobs effectively and impeding their satisfaction at the office. * Financial Rewards Job satisfaction is impacted by an employee's views about the fairness of the company wage scale as well as the current compensation she may be receiving. Companies need to have a mechanism in place to evaluate employee performance and provide salary increases to top performers.Opportunities to earn special incentives, such as bonuses, extra paid time off or vacations, also bring excitement and higher job satisfaction to the workplace. EMPLOYEE SATSFACTION Employee satisfaction is essential to the success of any business. A high rate of employee contentedness is directly related to a lower turnover rate. Thus, keeping employees’ satisfied wit h their careers should be a major priority for every employer. While this is a well-known fact in management practices, economic downturns like the current one seem to cause employers to ignore it.There are numerous reasons why employees can become discouraged with their jobs and resign, including high stress, lack of communication within the company, lack of recognition, or limited opportunity for growth. Management should actively seek to improve these factors if they hope to lower their turnover rate. Even in an economic downturn, turnover is an expense best avoided. Employee satisfaction surveys provide the information needed to improve levels of productivity, job satisfaction, and loyalty. Organizations can identify the root causes of job issues and create solutions for improvements with an accurate perspective of employee views.There is a direct link between employee job satisfaction and financial results. The happier your employees are the more motivated and committed they wi ll be to your organization’s success. RESEARCH METHODOLOGEY Research is in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Well, all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts, we wonder and our inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full data and fuller understanding of the unknown, can be termed as research.Research comprises defining and redefining problem, suggesting solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusion and at lest carefully testing the conclusion. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine the relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact the research design is the conceptual structure within research is conducted, if it constitutes the blueprints f or the collection measurement and the analysis of the data. DATA COLLECTIONBoth primary as well as the secondary data have their own importance, and I have collected data from primary as well as secondary sources, but how ever in my project work I have focused more on primary data. As stated, the primary data as collected with the help of questionnaire comprising of by questions. All the employees that constituted sample were approached individually. Secondary data was collected from Areva T&D India Ltd. by: * books * Journals * Websites * Internet * Other sources. SAMPLING A sample size of 50 employees (Male & Female both) working in Areva T&D India Ltd. ere taken into consideration. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The target group comprised the employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. the sample was distributed in equal ratio both male and female officer. The respondents were selected randomly from HRD in Areva T&D India Ltd. QUESTIONNAIRE Name  : AGE:GENDER: QUALIFICATION:EXPERIENCE: GRADE:DEPARTM ENT: YEARS OF SERVICE: The statements that follow are related to company, organization, organization climate and their job. Kindly indicate the extent to which you agree with each statement by encircling any of the following options: * 1 Strongly Agree * 2 Agree 3 Disagree * 4 Strongly Disagree Q1. Areva T&D India Ltd. is a good company to work in? | 1 2 3 4| Q2. The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? | 1 2 3 4| Q3. Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you according to the industries practice. | 1 2 3 4| Q4. Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company? | 1 2 3 4| Q5. Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? | 1 2 3 4| Q6. Does your job make the best use of your abilities? 1 2 3 4| Q7. Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? | 1 2 3 4| Q8. Is Adequate job security provided to you by the company? | 1 2 3 4| Q9. Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? | 1 2 3 4| Q10. Do you involve yourself in your work? | 1 2 3 4| Q11. Do you feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? | 1 2 3 4| Q12. Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? | 1 2 3 4| Q13. Do you feel that your work load is challenging but not burdensome? 1 2 3 4| Q14. Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? | 1 2 3 4| Q15. Does your team member equally contribute for each other's goals? | 1 2 3 4| Q16. Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working? | 1 2 3 4| Q17. Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? | 1 2 3 4| Q18. Are your subordinates loyal to you? | 1 2 3 4| Q19. Do you feel to tell your boss what you think? | 1 2 3 4| Q20. Does the response from your boss create confidence in your work? | 1 2 3 4| graphical data interpretationsQ1) Areva T;D India Ltd. is a good company to work in? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 14| 14| Agree| 10| 9| Disagree | 1| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-95% Agreed working men-90% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92. 5% * Analysis:- Almost all employees agree that Areva T;D India Ltd. is a good company to work with. There were hardly any employees disagreeing with the statement. This shows that Areva T;D has a good environment where employees are willing to work. Q2) The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 14| 12| Agree| 10| 11| Disagree | 1| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-95% Agreed Working Men-95% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-95% * Analysis:- 95% employees have agreed that the salary provided to them is comparable with those of similarly placed industries which show that the employees are very much satisfied with the basic salary provided to them by the organiza tion. Q3) Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you according to the industries practice. | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 12|Agree| 11| 13| Disagree | 1| 0| Strongly Disagree| 2| 0| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-81% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-90. 5% * Analysis:- 100% female employees feel that the monetary benefits like bonus, allowances provided by the company are in accordance into industries practice whereas only 81% male employees have agreed with female employees. Q4) Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company. | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 11| Agree| 11| 13| Disagree | 1| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 1| 1| * Response:-Agreed Working Women-90% Agreed Working Men-83% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86. 5% * Analysis:- Majority of employees believe that there are growth opportunities available in the company. This helps to retain the employees in the organ ization and also to reduce the employee turnover of the company. Q5) Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 10| 9| Disagree | 3| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 1| Others | 2| 2| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis:- It appears that ? f women employees feel that they are assigned the jobs in accordance to their qualification and caliber whereas 80% men agree that their jobs have been assigned in accordance to their qualification and caliber. Thus, according to us for future aspects the human resource manager should see that he is able to provide the employees the work they excel in. Q6) Does your job makes the best use of your abilities? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 12| Agree| 11| 8| Disagree | 4| 4| Strongly Disagree| 0| 1| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-80% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-82% * Anal ysis:-Comparatively, less percentage of respondents feel that their abilities are not properly utilized or cashed by the company for performing jobs. Hence, it is a very good sign for the organization. Q7) Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 11| 12| Disagree | 1| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 3| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-92% Agreed Working Men-86% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis:- 92% women feel that their growth in the organization is in accordance with the skills they possess whereas 86% men agreed with this statement.This perhaps reveal that men are more satisfied related to their skill applied and their job position as compared to women. Q8) Is Adequate job security provided to you by the company? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 14| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggr egate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- Each agreed employee feels secure on the job in Areva T;D India Ltd and through this we can analyze that the employee turnover rate in the company would be very less.Q9) Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 11| Agree| 11| 10| Disagree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women:-87. 5% Agreed Working Men:- 90% Aggregate Agreed Percentage:-88. 75% * Analysis:- Company has achieved its goal with proper contribution of both male and female employees and this is supported by 87. 5% women and 90% men. It also reveals that the self analysis of employees is in tune with the organization’s achievements. Q10) Do you involve yourself in your work. Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 16| Agree| 12| 9| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggrega te Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- All male and female employees respond that they involve themselves in their work i. e. they are sincere towards their work which is a healthy point in the organization. Q11) Do you feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 13| 14| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 0| 0| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:-Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis:- Majority of employee’s favor that they are holding the important task in this organization and they are performing them very proudly. Thus we can analyze that the level of job satisfaction is high. Q12) Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 6| 10| Agree| 14| 12| Disagree | 5| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed Working Women-88% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percen tage-84% * Analysis:- 8% of the working women employees and 80% of men have agreed with the statement that the responsibilities provided to them for their personal and organizational growth are adequate. We can analyze that the company is maintaining a high level of employee satisfaction. Q13) Do you feel that your work load is challenging but not burdensome? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 8| 10| Agree| 12| 11| Disagree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 2| 1| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed Working Women:-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis:- 86% of female employees and 80% of male employees of Areva T;D India Ltd. re enjoying their job as a challenge, and do not feel that their work is burden on them. This reveals that officers by and large are ready to perform challenging jobs. Q14) Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 11| 12| Agree| 13| 10| Disagree | 1| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0 | Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-88% Agreed Working Men-96% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis:- 92% of respondents feel that Areva T;D India Ltd. provides favorable working conditions to perform different task.This is one of the reasons behind high level of performance that the employees have been giving. Q15) Does your team members equally contribute for each other's goals.? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 13| Agree| 11| 11| Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-96% Agreed Working Men-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-94% * Analysis:- Majority of employees agree to the fact that there is proper team work and understanding amongst the employees of Areva T&D Ltd. for achieving the goals. This also reveals that the goals of the organization and the employees are aligned.Q16) Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working.? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 12| 9| Disa gree | 2| 3| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 2| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-84% * Analysis:- Encouragement and motivation to work hard and to perform with rigor in Areva T&D India ltd. is supported by 84% of male and female employees. This reveals that the organizational climate in Areva T&D Ltd. is motivating for the employees, and also that supervision and leadership in the organization is par satisfactory.Q17) Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 12| 13| Agree| 11| 10| Disagree | 4| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 0| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis:- Majority of employees agree that their colleagues are cordial to them. This reveals that by and large there is no conflict amongst employees and good spirit exists among employees irrespective of gender and the responsibilities assigned . Q18) Are your subordinates loyal to you? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 5| 9| Agree| 13| 12|Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 5| 3| * Response:- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-72% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-78% * Analysis:- 84% of female employees feel that their subordinates are loyal to them, where as in the case of male employees the sense dependence is only 72%. This reveals that there might be some dissatisfaction in the minds of the supervisors towards their subordinates, and also that the employees are not satisfied with the leadership skills of the supervisors. Q19) Do you feel to tell your boss what you think? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 5| 11|Agree| 15| 12| Disagree | 2| 1| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 3| 1| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86% * Analysis:- A very good percentage of respondents say that there is openness in Areva T&D India Ltd. , as they are free to discuss t heir problems and suggestions with their boss. It reveals that there is an open door policy in Areva T&D Ltd. and freedom to express their ideas. This also shows that the flow of communication in the organization is very good and supportive, as opportunities are provided to the employees to express themselves.Q20) Does the response from your boss creates confidence in your work? | Male| Female| Strongly Agree| 10| 11| Agree| 13| 12| Disagree | 1| 2| Strongly Disagree| 0| 0| Others | 1| 0| * Response:- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis:- A good percentage of employees feel that their boss is having encouraging motivating personality whose response builds confidence in their work. This shows that the leadership, direction and motivation skills of the managers are par satisfactory. FINDINGS It is found that more number of employees both women and men are satisfied with the benefits and incentives provided to them in Areva T&D Ind ia Ltd. * It is found that both men and women equally agree that the salary provided to them is comparable to the industry and satisfied with their company. * Majority of men and women agree that proper oppurtunities are available in the industry. * It is found that the majority of women feel that they have contributed in accomplishing in company’s goal as compared to men. * It is found that most of men feel that their team members contribute equally for each others goal. It is found that all the empolyees agree that they have maintained a good team spirit amongst them. * It is found that more percentage of men employees feel that the job assigned to them is according to their qualification and caliber than women employees. LIMITATIONS of the study * There is a limited sample size i. e. only 50 which is small because the aim of the study was to look into difference in the responces of male and female employees. However, the number of working female employees were less as comp ared to the male employees in the organisation and the data was collected in equal ratio from both males as well as females. As the questionnaire was distributed amongest various employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. few of the employees were hasitant in answering the questionaries. * Some of the employees in Areva T&D India Ltd. were given enough time to answer to questionnaire but still they were not able to do the required. * Some employees did not respond few questions because they were not sure about the answer as the questionair was in the objective form. * A very busy as well as hectic scedule was prevalent which was an obstruction.